A master’s thesis in the Department of Life Sciences at the College of Science, University of Kerbala, presented by Haneen Falah Nouri, examined the relationship between certain biomarkers and chronic kidney disease. The study included 147 samples from both patients and healthy individuals. The results revealed an increase in Dendrin, Nephrin, and Kidney Injury Molecule (KIM-1) levels, accompanied by a decrease in Fetuin-A as the disease progressed.
The study concluded that these biomarkers are strongly associated with different stages of the disease, making them effective tools for early diagnosis. It recommended their clinical adoption and the expansion of research to include larger sample sizes while excluding other metabolic disorders. Additionally, the study suggested using PCR technology for more precise sample analysis and examining the disease’s five stages separately to gain a deeper understanding of its progression.